Teaching is good for the soul
I'm serving as a guest lecturer in one of SI's undergraduate courses this week, and teaching is shaking up my week nicely. I haven't taught in a classroom regularly since the fall of 2006, and I was eager to get back into the classroom. This week's topic in the course is "The Business of Information and Information in Business," and I spent most of today's lecture introducing the concepts of marginal costs, non-rival demand, scarcity, elasticity, and a few pricing models. I'm not quite sure how to articulate my appreciation for introductory courses like the one I'm guest lecturing in this week. I've also been working on statements about teaching for a couple of faculty jobs for which I am applying, and I'm sure search committees think I'm crazy for claiming to like teaching intro courses. Even when the material is not the heart of my interest, like the information economics stuff I talked about today, I love being able to introduce material to students. The curiosity newcomers have for fundamental concepts makes the concepts so much more fun to teach. Sure, it's nice to dive into advanced material with experienced students, but there's nothing like watching the light go on for someone understanding something, whether it be "demand elasticity" or "social capital," for the very first time. That happens so often in intro courses! Seeing students get interested helps renew my own energy, and it's with that renewed energy that I can (re-)tackle the methods section of my dissertation today.
Writing tips you might like too
Writing is incredibly hard. Well, good writing is anyway. I've had the fortune to get some writing guidance in person from Karl Weick and in book form from Howard Becker. I thought you might enjoy some of their tips as well. I've shared these with my students, and the ones who tried them did write more effectively than those who didn't. I hope the same is true for me.
Both of the tips in this post aim to limit intellectual laziness in writing. One has to do with passive voice and the other with "to be" verbs. Writing in passive voice (e.g. "The post was tagged.") and using "to be" verbs ("This blog is an example of social media.") allow authors to make leaps that are unjustified and intellectually lazy. You may have noticed that passive voice and "to be" verbs go hand-in-hand; let's see if we can bust 'em up.
By saying, "The post was tagged," I allow myself to get away without saying who or what tagged the post. Becker (1986, p. 8 ) points out that such a sentence is a theoretical error and not just bad writing. I allow some abstract being to do the tagging, and that means my explanation of events is incomplete. Lazy! Instead, I should say, "I tagged the post." Sure, it uses the same number of words, but who did the tagging and what was tagged are both clear in that sentence. That sentence avoids implicitly invoking abstract forces.
"This blog is an example of social media," causes more confusion than it explains. Understanding the sentence requires that we know what a blog is and what social media is. Instead, I should describe what the blog does and how that makes it part of this superclass - social media. This tip - to stop equating things or calling them examples and instead to explain what's happening - came from Karl Weick during a class in the fall of 2006.
I find doing a "find and replace" search in Word where I replace "to be" verbs with highlighted versions of themselves to be very helpful. I was surprised to find that I'm not the only one who does that - Deborah De Rosa does it too. Highlighting all the places where I use "to be" verbs makes it easy for me to go back to each instance and make sure it's appropriate. It's worth a shot if you're struggling from passivity and/or laziness.
I'm likely to blog about Becker's book more as I work my way through it. In choosing a grounded theory and actor-network theory approach to my dissertation, I made sure it would be hard for me to write. Tips like Becker's and Weick's help keep me careful while writing, and that's the help I need when trying to be descriptive without resorting prematurely to explanation.
Reference
Becker, H. (1986) Writing for Social Scientists. University of Chicago Press.
*Note: Becker's book is hard to find sometimes. Thanks, Mom and Dad, for hunting it down in Portland for me!
Outstanding GSI, Woot!
Check it out:
To: Libby Hemphill
I'm pleased to announce that you have been selected to receive an Outstanding Graduate Student Instructor Award for 2007-2008. You were chosen from an especially impressive group of nominees representing schools and colleges across the University.
...
---Homer Rose
I'm pretty excited and grateful for the award. Thank you to my students and my colleagues for helping me become a good teacher and to Rackham for the public recognition.
Drafting a teaching statement (still)
I'm still working on my teaching statement for my Rackham Outstanding Graduate Student Instructor nomination. I can't seem to get it right, and it can be only one page long. What do you think about this?
Teaching in a professional program such as the School of Information Master’s degree program forces me to balance goals of helping students develop skills specifically for their future work and encouraging them to analyze theoretic material so they may adapt to changes in their careers. The course I have the most experience teaching introduces students to social theories of information, and so my emphasis is on challenging students to critically engage material. This skill, critical thinking, is invaluable for a broad range of occupations; the ability to examine concepts provides students a foundation for meeting new challenges. By understanding the essence of some aspect of information, students become better prepared to adapt to changes in their careers – changes one could not anticipate and for which one cannot specifically train.
Critical thinking transcends disciplines, and using it as a cornerstone for my approach to teaching enables me to adapt to a variety of teaching and learning environments from classrooms to one-on-one sessions with students and GSIs. Respect for intellectual diversity and collaboration are compliments to a focus on critical thinking and cornerstones of a successful SI education. The kind of learning environment that best facilitates critical thinking relies on the diverse intellectual contributions and approaches of others. I use a variety of large-group discussions and small-group activities in my teaching; this allows me to use case-based exercises to help students develop abilities to analyze information in work contexts and in collaboration with others. For example, students analyzed the Open CourseWare initiative while learning about intellectual property and social learning theory. Case exercises help bridge the potential gap between the course’s focus on analyses of theories and the students’ needs to prepare for professional practice.
It is my responsibility as an instructor to foster learning environments where students are encouraged to call upon a variety of ways to view a particular situation and in which students come to value multiple perspectives. One important way I foster such intellectual diversity is by taking neutral stances on controversial or disruptive material. Our students call upon a variety of backgrounds, including systems design and library services, and I encourage students to discuss cases such as Google Book Search from those various perspectives. These exercises emphasizing intellectual diversity prepare students to explore future problems from a variety of perspectives and encourage them to develop innovative solutions to problems such as online book searching and digital preservation.
Respecting intellectual diversity also requires that I take into account the varieties of ways in which students learn. Providing material in a variety of formats and using a range of teaching styles – including class discussion, role playing, and individual engagement – produces a positive learning environment in which all students can feel safe and supported. I use a variety of aptitude measures so that students have opportunities to demonstrate their skills and to develop new ones. For example, when teaching Social Systems and Collections, I used classroom participation, short essay tests, and long paper writing to check for students’ understanding. When training GSIs authoring assignments for their courses, I’ve helped create short answer, concept mapping, and essay assignments. Using a variety of methods to check for understanding caters to different sets of intellectual strengths and challenges students to develop skills where they have weaknesses.
In addition to helping students develop critical thinking skills in an atmosphere of intellectual diversity and collaboration, I believe remaining a student myself is paramount to being an effective teacher. I don’t mean that I should always take courses, but I believe that good teachers continually evaluate their own teaching. Serving as a GSM helped me develop skills to evaluate my own teaching. Observing and helping other GSIs, reading student feedback on my teaching, and developing GSI training sessions all helped me examine my own teaching. Taking time to consider students’ feedback and learning to articulate teaching methods to other GSIs were invaluable in helping me improve as an instructor. Talking with other experienced teachers, engaging with students, and utilizing resources like CRLT all help me continue to improve as a teacher.
In conclusion, I believe that encouraging critical thinking, respecting intellectual diversity, and facilitating collaborative learning are keys to successful teaching. Doing so creates a learning environment in which students can learn the skills to reasonably process and generate information and to develop habits of using those critical thinking skills. Such an environment helps students learn to be precise and logical, to communicate effectively and respectfully, and to analyze information. These skills are invaluable to our students whether they enter careers in information policy, library services, or another information field. My focus on learning, both my students’ and my own, prepares me to effectively teach a range of courses to a diverse student body.
Drafting a teaching philosophy
It's time again for me to write a statement of teaching philosophy. My limit is one page. My brain is not working as well as one might hope. Here's what I have for the middle. I'm still working on the intro and conclusion, which obviously will require edits to the middle. What do you think?
One important lesson I learned from my mentors and peers was that being able to critically engage material is a paramount skill for our students. This skill, critical thinking, is invaluable for a broad range of occupations our students may enter; I believe all students who graduate from SI should be able to think critically. Critical thinking transcends disciplines, and using it as a cornerstone for my approach to teaching enables me to adapt to a variety of teaching and learning environments from classrooms to one-on-one sessions with students and GSIs. The respect for intellectual diversity and collaboration that my mentors and peers have demonstrated and encouraged in me are compliments to a focus on critical thinking. The kind of classroom or other learning environment that best facilitates critical thinking relies on the diverse intellectual contributions and approaches of others.
Respecting intellectual diversity means that it is my responsibility as an instructor to foster learning environments where students are encouraged to call upon a variety of ways to view a particular situation and in which students come to value multiple perspectives. One important way I foster intellectual diversity is by doing my best to take neutral stances on controversial or disruptive material. I also encourage students to ask, “What’s another way to look at this?” even when the “this” is a claim I’ve made about the material.
Respecting intellectual diversity also requires that I take into account the varieties of ways in which students learn. Providing material in a variety of formats and using a range of teaching styles – including class discussion, role playing, and individual engagement produces a positive learning environment in which all students can feel safe and respected. I use a variety of aptitude measures when I can so that students have opportunities to demonstrate their skills and to develop new ones. For example, when teaching Social Systems and Collections, I used classroom participation, short essay tests, and long paper writing to check for students’ understanding. When training GSIs authoring assignments for their courses, I’ve helped create short answer, concept mapping, and essay assignments. Using a variety of methods to check for understanding caters to different sets of intellectual strengths and challenges students to develop skills where they have weaknesses.
Remaining neutral, encouraging students to think of different ways of looking at material, presenting material in a variety of ways, and using multiple methods to check for understanding ultimately creates for students an learning environment in which they can learn the skills to reasonably process and generate information and to develop habits of using those critical thinking skills. Such an environment helps students learn to be precise and logical, to communicate effectively and respectfully, and to analyze information.
Re: The New College Try
In Monday's New York Times, Jerome Karabel of UC-Berkeley contributed an interesting Op-Ed piece called "The New College Try." In it, Karabel rails against the top tier universities in the country (and the systems that support them) for failing to provide access for low income students. As an Alumni Schools Committee co-chair, I spend quite a bit of time thinking about college admissions and even talking with high school seniors during their application process. At the June meeting of ASC chairs, I was disappointed to witness some of the privilege perpetuation that Karabel describes. The University of Chicago provides some advantage for the children of graduates, and probably of big donors, but it is working to provide some admissions (and tuition payment) advantages for lower income applicants as well. I'm anxious to see if those efforts are fruitful. Karabel recommends a lottery system for 5-10% of an entering class where applicants who met some high academic threshold would then be selected at random. Schools could then compare those students' performance to the other 90-95% to see if their admissions processes were good predictors of academic success. That certainly sounds like an interesting study to me.
While I recognize that there's a problem of access for low income students to top tier universities, focusing on the problems at that point obscures a greater problem - impoverished academic opportunities throughout their school lives for low income students. I'd probably add rural students to the mix too, given the shared problems of securing funding and attracting the best teachers that low income urban schools and rural schools share. Without opportunities during elementary and secondary school to discover their academic interests and strengths, students will not be able to compete come time to apply for college. Poor schools - those that don't challenge students, that have deteriorating physical resources, that have no community support, etc. - are likely to produce poor students. I wish I had solutions to that particular problem, but I don't. Perhaps Karabel's column and its challenges to top tier schools will help remind readers and others who can make a difference that the problems of access are central to our problems of education.
Notes from Bransford’s Talk
John Bransford's Learning Sciences Guest Lecture
Book/research recommendations:
The Mind at Work by Mike Rose
Anders Ericsson (expert performance, experts resist automaticity)
Quality of Life issues -
health care, nutrition, finances, local environmental conditions (research within the LIFE Center)
Themes -
- adaptive expertise - recognizing adaptability (when do my schemas apply?)
- innovation
- efficiency
- schemas (i.e. SAT problem types)
- constructive nature of knowing - we build knowledge out of what we already know
- people knowledge - figure out what we need people to share to identify with and learn from
"Innovation is the sudden cessation of stupidity." (Bransford quoted someone else)
Learning from Others
people learn better from people they know
Thoughts
Research in the LIFE center seems really interesting; I should go explore that area some more to see if there are "informal learning environment" ties or analogies to what I'm working on.
Notes for 688
Stuff to think about:
1:1 chats, social, work, coordination, interruption
what about emotion, sarcasm, stuff you don't want logged
feature creep, federation
Systems on the web:
Babble - from IBM, designed for small, defined workgroups
http://www.research.ibm.com/SocialComputing/babble.htm
Adium - tabbed multi-client IM for Mac
examples from logs:
Adrienne Sat Jan 21
Ben on Yahoo Wed Jan 18 (selling to your family)
Eric and Emily, MSN Chat Fri Jan 20 (organizing meetings)
Sarah on AOL Thur Jan 18 (when IM doesn't work)
Liz today (quick questions)
Chat Circles - http://chatcircles.media.mit.edu/
IRC
Pokerroom.com - chat plus hand history pokerroom.com